Greece’s tourism industry is a major economic driver, but it’s increasingly under threat from climate change. Rising temperatures, frequent wildfires, and sea level rise are challenging the current tourism model. In 2023, Greece welcomed nearly 33 million visitors, generating €28.5 billion in revenue. However, the environmental impact of mass tourism raises questions about sustainability. This article explores the challenges, proposed solutions, and strategic shifts needed to ensure climate-resilient tourism in Greece.
Climate Change’s Impact on Tourism in Greece
Climate change is drastically impacting Greece’s landscape. The country faces intense heatwaves, rising sea levels, and frequent wildfires, all posing a significant threat to the tourism sector. July 2023 was the hottest month on record, leading to temporary closures of tourist sites and evacuations due to fires. Coastal erosion and the loss of seagrass meadows also impact Greece’s tourist appeal, stressing the urgent need for climate adaptation in the tourism industry.
Overtourism and Its Environmental Costs
The influx of tourists to Greece has caused overtourism, especially in popular areas like the Cyclades. Local communities are concerned about the strain on resources and rising housing costs driven by short-term rental platforms like Airbnb. A study by Greek researchers and UNESCO shows smaller Aegean islands require double their natural water capacity to meet tourist demand—expected to increase twofold by 2030. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the future of climate-resilient tourism.
Economic Balance: Tourism Revenue and Climate Impact
Tourism contributes significantly to Greece’s economy, generating between €62.8 billion and €75.6 billion annually, around a third of its GDP. However, this economic benefit comes at a growing environmental cost. New regulations, like the “climate resilience fee,” aim to generate funds to help Greece recover from natural disasters. The Central Union of Greek Municipalities (KEDE) suggests that this revenue should support local governments in managing tourism sustainably and mitigating the effects of climate change.
Moving Toward Climate-Resilient Tourism Strategies
Experts advocate for a shift from traditional mass tourism to climate-resilient tourism in Greece. This strategy involves sustainable tourism practices that not only sustain but also regenerate the environment. Megan Epler Wood from Cornell University emphasizes that tourism must contribute to ecosystem conservation and manage the cost of tourism impacts. Developing year-round tourism options like agritourism, gastrotourism, wellness, and adventure tourism could diversify Greece’s offerings and reduce environmental pressure on popular coastal areas.
Learn more: Sustainable Travel in Greece: Addressing the Challenges of Overtourism
Steps for Achieving Climate-Resilient Tourism in Greece
- Invest in Climate-Adapted Infrastructure: Building renewable energy facilities and protecting vulnerable coastal areas can help reduce climate risks and support long-term sustainability.
- Control Tourist Numbers: Introducing caps on daily visitors, as suggested by local officials like Santorini’s mayor, can help prevent overcrowding and protect local environments.
- Promote Off-Season Tourism: Extending the tourist season and offering diverse attractions can better manage visitor flow and reduce strain on ecosystems.
- Effectively Allocate Tourism Taxes: Ensuring that tourist tax revenues are used for local sustainability projects can directly benefit communities affected by mass tourism.
The Way Forward for Greece
As climate change continues to impact global tourism, Greece must rethink its approach to ensure climate-resilient tourism. By investing in sustainable practices and involving local communities, Greece can protect its natural and cultural assets while maintaining a thriving tourism industry. Such a shift could offer a balanced, safer path forward, securing Greece’s status as a premier destination for future generations.
For more insights on adapting tourism to climate challenges, check out the Dual Tourism project. It focuses on promoting sustainable tourism and enhancing educational programs to prepare future professionals for a resilient and eco-friendly tourism industry.